Sphranzes, ch. John escaped by means of his fleet, and made it back to Trebizond. John IV of Trebizond. John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos), (c. 1403 – 1459) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 to 1459. [17] John assembled his land and naval forces, then assisted by his pansebastos sailed forth to meet the Shaikh. His reign was dominated by ongoing attempts to defend Trebizond from its Turkmen neighbors and the increasingly aggressive Ottoman Empire to the west. [7] It may be both versions contain part of the truth: although John ascended to the throne on the murder of his father, it may be the Turkish Sultan provided John with financial or military support to return to Trebizond. The penultimate Trapezuntine ruler, John IV, recognized the threat of the Ottomans. John sent his brother David to ratify the treaty before Mehmed II himself, which he did in 1458, but the tribute was raised to 3,000 gold pieces. [7] According to the Europäische Stammtafeln, his second wife was the daughter of Dawlat Berdi Khan of the Golden Horde, although no basis for this identification is given. Memorability Metrics. As early as 1434 he had responded to the letters of Pope Eugenius IV, in marked contrast to earlier emperors of Trebizond, who had ignored papal missives. A Genoese document dated November 8, 1427 orders the consul at Caffa in the Crimea to keep on good terms with the Emperor of Trebizond for news of John arriving at Caffa had reached Genoa. The Europäische Stammtafeln considers this second wife to have been a daughter of Dawlat Berdi. The two armies met at Kapanion. Retowski 1-7 (for type); Bendall, Trebizond 80; SB 2642. The disputes were never fully settled and seriously injured commerce in the Black Sea. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. [12], Aware of the Ottoman advance against the remaining Byzantine possessions in the Morea, John IV attempted to bolster his position by resorting to an old family tradition; the same year David delivered the tribute to Mehmed, John married his daughter Theodora to Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu. John Hutchins Rosser: Historical Dictionary of Byzantium page 259. The "Europäische Stammtafeln" considers this second wife to have been a daughter of Dawlat Berdi. His biography is available in 22 different languages on Wikipedia making him the 8,594th most popular politician. The first time this letter was printed was in 1496, taken from the text of Reg. John had planned to attack Junayd from both land and sea; however, a strong wind prevented the sailors from landing and the Sheikh's men successfully counteracted, killing the pansebastos and scattering the army. Although John owed his throne to a Genoese crew, he repeatedly failed to reimburse the Genoese for debts owed to them in 1431, and in 1441 refused to provide reparations for a Genoese ship ordered seized and looted six years earlier. John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos ), (c. 1403 ndash; 1459) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 to 1459. Dawlat rivaled Olugh … She was a daughter of King Alexander I of Georgia. John left for Trebizond on 25 April 1282 with his new wife, Eudokia Palaiologina. John IV was married twice, first to an unnamed daughter of King Alexander I of Georgia,[20] then prior to November 1437 he married the daughter of a Turkish sultan. The apprehensiveness towards Genoa was contrasted by friendlier relations with Venice, although the Venetians never recovered their former influence in the Black Sea. Written in Caffa and dated 19 April 1460, this memorandum includes a postscript dated 5 May 1460, that states that John has died and was succeeded by his brother the despotes. Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. A Genoese document dated November 8, 1427 orders the consul at Caffa in the Crimea to keep on good terms with the Emperor of Trebizond for news of John arriving at Caffa had reached Genoa. Contribution à la prosopographie des Grands Comnènes", Profile of Alexios IV and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley, Vougiouklaki Penelope, "John IV Grand Komnenos", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_IV_of_Trebizond&oldid=940263179, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The city was deserted due to plague and likely to fall; John made his submission and agreed to pay an annual tribute of 2,000 gold pieces in return for the return the captives Hizir had taken. In about 1426, Bagrationi married John IV of Trebizond. John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos), (c. 1403 – 1459) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 to 1459.He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. Bagrationi, Wife of John IV of Trebizond - Death. John had been designated despotes by his father as early as 1417, but did not see eye-to-eye with his parents. [1] According to Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era (1926) by William Miller, earlier in that same year John had murdered a courtier who allegedly served as the lover of his mother. According to the Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke, Bagrationi was dead by 1438. Her first name is unknown. Since William Miller wrote his book on Trebizond, the scholarly consensus dated his death to 1458, although with some dissent to 1459 (Lampsides, Kursanskis) or simply state the broad limits 1458/9-1460 (Anthony Bryer). [18] Beginning with Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer, modern scholars have inferred it from two records: one was a letter from John's successor and brother, David of Trebizond, dated 22 April 1459, but because it was associated with the dubious embassy led by Ludovico da Bologna, and internal inconsistencies, this letter has been considered at the least a partial forgery; the other record was a damaged inscription Fallmerayer reported to have seen in the citadel Kule boylu ("high tower"), which was made by John and dated to the year 6968 (= A.D. 1 September 1459 â 31 August 1460); however this inscription was never seen by any other historian, despite determined efforts, and the citadel itself has since been destroyed. Once these two sources are accepted as plausible, then there is no longer any basis to reject the evidence of the lost inscription Fallmerayer reported seeing on the Kule boylu. Chalkokondyles II.219-220; translated by Anthony Kaldellis, For a discussion of this source, see Kaldellis, "The Interpolations", pp. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of John II of Trebizond has received more than 36,714 page views. [22] However, KurÅ¡anskis has shown that John had only one childâTheodora Megale Komnene, better known by her Mongol appellation "Despina Hatun". [19] In discussing this document, Thierre Ganchou explains that it confirms clearly a terminus ante quem for John's death of 22 April 1460. parole . Reference: BCV 2642 Weight: 1 gms Diameter: 15.1 mm THE EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND. They learned they had misunderstood John's wishes: he had the eyes of one man put out and the hand of the other cut off.[6]. [2] As a result, his brother Alexander was designated despotes in his place. John IV began his reign by punishing the physical murderers of his father, then burying his father in state in the metropolitan cathedral. Ask Login. [12], Aware of the Ottoman advance against the remaining Byzantine possessions in the Morea, John IV attempted to bolster his position by resorting to an old family tradition; the same year David delivered the tribute to Mehmed, John married his daughter Theodora to Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu. In 1442 the Ottoman Sultan Murad II sent out a fleet to plunder the shores and to attempt to capture the city. Celebrity Births Deaths and Ages. The Ottomans did not make another attack on the Empire of Trebizond until the reign of the next Sultan, Mehmed II. According to a passage considered to be an interpolation in the history of Laonikos Chalkokondyles, he accused his mother Theodora of having an affair with an unnamed protovestiarios, whom he killed, then held his parents captive in the citadel until the palace staff released them. Concordanza . F. Alexios IV of Trebizond 1382 - 1429; M. Theodora Kantakouzene, wife of Alexios IV of Trebizond - 1426; Maria of Trebizond - 1439; John IV of Trebizond Abt 1403 - 1459; Alexander of Trebizond 1406 - 1460; David of Trebizond Abt 1408 - 1463; Spouse and Children . While in Georgia John married Bagrationi, a daughter of King Alexander I, but he could not obtain sufficient support to establish himself in Trebizond. John IV of Trebizond. The Metropolitan of Trebizond joined the Byzantine clergy at the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1438-1439). An important family, the Kabasitai, offered to act as intermediaries; however, an interpolator of the History of Chalkokondyles, or Pseudo-Chalkokondyles,[5] states that they were John's "secret accomplices" for some of the Kabasitai had agreed to allow two of John's archontes into Emperor Alexios' tent, and once inside the archontes murdered Alexios around midnight. This expedition did not seriously affect Trebizond itself, but attacked Trebizond's dependencies in the Crimea and was partly destroyed by a storm on its return journey. Alexander had fled Trebizond for the Byzantine court in 1429 and had eventually married Maria Gattilusio, the daughter of the Genoese lord of Lesbos. John IV began his reign by punishing the physical murderers of his father, then burying his father in state in the metropolitan cathedral. No contemporary chronicler or historian recorded the actual date of John's death. This incident is notable for the anecdote it relates about John, who gleefully related to Sphrantzes the news of the death of Sultan Murad II, and that Mehmed II's youth meant that now his empire could last longer and be blessed. Discussed in Rustam Shukurov, "The campaign of Shaykh Djunayd Safawi against Trebizond (1456 AD/860 AH)", Unless otherwise indicated, this section is based on, "La Date de la Mort du Basileus Jean IV Komnenos de Trebizonde", "The Fifteenth-century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia", "La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. John IV went on to marry an unnamed Turkish lady. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. AR Asper (14mm, 0.64 g, 5h). The Empire of Trebizond was founded in 1204 by Alexius Comnenus grandson of Andronicus I. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. John I Axouchos (Greek: Ιωάννης Α΄ Αξούχος, Iōannēs I Axoukhos) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1235 to 1238. 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