Modern plant breeders develop new crop varieties to meet specific conditions. For land preparation, it is tilled to 25 cm depth and spread with organic manure. [8][9][10], Within-crop diversity, a specific crop can result from various growing conditions, for example a crop growing in nutrient-poor soil is likely to have stunted growth than a crop growing in more fertile soil. What is crop variety improvement? [11], The effects of loss of biodiversity are especially noticeable in pest control. Crop improvement refers to the genetic alteration of plants to satisfy human needs. Crops may refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a more refined state. [20] Wild species have a range of genetic variability that allows some individuals to survive should a disturbance occur. Answer: By introducing a gene with required characters into a crop for its improvement is called genetically modified crop. Crop variety improvement: It can be done either by hybridisation or by introducing a gene. 2 Thank You. This crossing may be intervarietal (between different varieties), interspecific (between two different species of the same genus) or intergeneric (between different genera). ANSWER. A crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. Plant breeding, and therefore crop improvement, depends on genetic variation. [5][7], Since 1961, human diets across the world have become more diverse in the consumption of major commodity staple crops, with a corresponding decline in consumption of local or regionally important crops, and thus have become more homogeneous globally. From these it is possible to understand the reasons for the improvements in yield. 3. Some crops are gathered from the wild (including intensive gathering, e.g. Procedure: Most vigorous plants from the mixed population of a crop … Crop Variety Improvement 2. Crop diversity loss threatens global food security, as the world's human population depends on a diminishing number of varieties of a diminishing number of crop species. Any three factors of which crop variety improve is :1- Crop rotation 2- Higher yield 3- Adding manure and fertilizer If you want some more factors you can ask … 1. crop variety environment = nothing but crop rotation scheme. The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety … [11], However, modern agriculture seriously reduces biodiversity. Apart from producing food, fuel, and fibre, agroecosystem functions include recycling nutrients, maintaining soil fertility, regulating microclimate, regulating water flow, controlling pests, and detoxification of waste products. [16], Agriculture is the economic foundation of most countries, and for developing countries a likely source of economic growth. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database", version 4. This process can be continued until the plant breeder feels the resulting plants are ready to be sold as a new variety. Early harvesting causes loss of unripened grains while delayed harvesting leads to shedding off of grains. [18][19], Along with insect pests, disease is a major cause of crop loss. Crop variety improvement and its effect on productivity [Elektronisk resurs] the impact of international agricultural research / edited by R.E. These ecosystems continuously provide food and breeding sites for these beneficial species. More detailed analyses (see Evans, 1993, for discussion) have indicated that half of the increase can be traced to improvements introduce… This takes advantage of differences in a plant's nutrient needs, but more importantly reduces the buildup of pathogens. Industrial crops are produced for clothing (fiber crops), biofuel (energy crops, algae fuel), or medicine (medicinal plants). 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